![]() īased on the above, this research proposes to evaluate the physical vulnerability to flooding using a method that incorporates variables related to soil infiltration capacity dynamics in the basin as an effect of the vegetation cover change and the hydrological response of the basin on the hydraulic behavior of the stream in a cross-section with an exposed structure. ![]() Furthermore, some researchers have suggested that vulnerability should be analyzed as a dynamic characteristic resulting from the interactions between individual, social, structural, and dimensional factors, which can vary temporarily or change over time. In practical terms, to assess vulnerability, various techniques have been used, such as the simulation of the degree of damage or failure of structures, the empirical evaluation carried out after the occurrence of the event, the elaboration of damage curves, and the estimation of the magnitude of floods, among others. ![]() Currently, the concept of vulnerability considers variables such as the effect of an event on spatial, temporal, and social factors, resistance, resilience, and susceptibility, the degree of exposure, protection, recovery, and reconstruction, and the degree of structural and non-structural damage relative to the intensity of the threat. Various methods have been proposed to assess vulnerability conceptualizing the relationship between the magnitude of the flood event and its effect on the exposed element. In this sense, the physical dimension of vulnerability encompasses the susceptibility of structures that can be negatively affected by a threatening event. The term vulnerability has been defined as the probability of an element being affected by the occurrence of a threatening event. Therefore, applying the power law could be useful in planning processes with limited information. The scaling behavior of the physical vulnerability of structures was identified when Hu is defined as a scale variable and, similarly, concerning flow velocity in the stream. Findings indicate that simplifying physical vulnerability estimations through CN, Hu, and v variations in catchments and at cross-section resolutions is possible, allowing a detailed analysis of the land-use change effect on the vulnerability of structures. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling and the implementation of four physical vulnerability assessment methods were performed using GIS analysis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of land-use evolution from 1976 to 2017 on the physical vulnerability of structures exposed to floods in the Combeima cathment, Colombia, proposing two novel approaches: (i) based on soil infiltration capacity variation ( CN) in the basin and changes in stream flow velocity ( v), (ii) through soil water storage variation in the root zone ( Hu). Thus, the combined effect of variations in soil properties and current hydraulics interacts with the exposure of structures exposed and their degree of physical vulnerability. Land-use changes produce variations in upper soil hydraulic properties and alter the hydrological response and hydraulic behavior of streams.
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